前言 本文参考了码友 Nyima 的学习笔记 https:// nyimac.gitee.io/2021/ 04 /25/ Netty%E5%9 F%BA%E7%A1%80 /
一、粘包与半包 1. 服务端代码 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 @Slf4j public class HelloServer { void start () { NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1 ); NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker); serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel (SocketChannel ch) { ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.debug("connected {}" , ctx.channel()); super .channelActive(ctx); } @Override public void channelInactive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.debug("disconnect {}" , ctx.channel()); super .channelInactive(ctx); } }); } }); ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080 ); log.debug("{} binding..." , channelFuture.channel()); channelFuture.sync(); log.debug("{} bound..." , channelFuture.channel()); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { log.error("server error" , e); } finally { boss.shutdownGracefully(); worker.shutdownGracefully(); log.debug("stopped" ); } } public static void main (String[] args) { new HelloServer().start(); } }
2. 客户端代码 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 @Slf4j public class HelloClient { public static void main (String[] args) { NioEventLoopGroup loopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.group(loopGroup); bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel (SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { log.debug("connected..." ); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.debug("sending..." ); for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer(); buffer.writeBytes(new byte []{0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 }); ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer); } } }); } }); ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1" , 8080 ).sync(); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { log.error("client error" , e); } finally { loopGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
3. 粘包现象 可见虽然客户端是分别以16字节为单位,通过channel向服务器发送了10次数据,可是服务器端却只接收了一次,接收数据的大小为160B,即客户端发送的数据总大小,这就是粘包现象
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 :08:59.269 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x7c21a326 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :1363 ] READ: 160B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000010 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000020 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000030 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000040 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000050 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000060 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000070 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000080| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000090| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
4. 半包现象 首先将客户端-服务器之间的 channel 容量 进行调整,即在服务端中添加代码:
1 2 serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 10 );
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 5901 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xc73284f3 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :49679 ] READ: 36B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000010 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| |00000020 | 00 01 02 03 |.... | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+5901 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xc73284f3 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :49679 ] READ: 40B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................| |00000010 | 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................| |00000020 | 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b |........ | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+5901 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xc73284f3 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :49679 ] READ: 40B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b |................| |00000010 | 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b |................| |00000020 | 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |........ | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+5901 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xc73284f3 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :49679 ] READ: 40B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................| |00000010 | 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................| |00000020 | 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b |........ | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+5901 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xc73284f3 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :49679 ] READ: 4B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 0c 0d 0e 0f |.... | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
①. 注意 1 2 serverBootstrap.option (ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF , 10 ) 影响的底层接收缓冲区(即滑动窗口)大小, 仅决定了 netty 读取的最小单位,netty 实际每次读取的一般是它的整数倍
5. 现象分析 ①. 粘包
现象
原因
应用层
接收方 ByteBuf 设置太大(Netty 默认 1024)
传输层-网络层
滑动窗口:假设发送方 256 bytes 表示一个完整报文,但由于接收方处理不及时且窗口大小足够大(大于256 bytes),这 256 bytes 字节就会缓冲在接收方的滑动窗口中, 当滑动窗口中缓冲了多个报文就会粘包
Nagle 算法:会造成粘包
②. 半包
现象
原因
应用层
传输层-网络层
滑动窗口:假设接收方的窗口只剩了 128 bytes,发送方的报文大小是 256 bytes,这时接收方窗口中无法容纳发送方的全部报文,发送方只能先发送前 128 bytes,等待 ack 后才能发送剩余部分,这就造成了半包
数据链路层
MSS 限制:当发送的数据超过 MSS 限制后,会将数据切分发送,就会造成半包
③. 本质 发生粘包与半包现象的本质是因为 TCP 是流式协议,消息无边界
6. 解决方案 ①. 短链接 客户端每次向服务器发送数据以后,就与服务器断开连接,此时的消息边界为连接建立到连接断开 。
这时便无需使用滑动窗口等技术来缓冲数据,则不会发生粘包现象。
但如果一次性数据发送过多,接收方无法一次性容纳所有数据,还是会发生半包现象,所以短链接无法解决半包现象
客户端代码改进
修改public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx)
方法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { log.debug("sending..." ); ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer(16 ); buffer.writeBytes(new byte []{0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 }); ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer); ctx.channel().close(); }
将发送步骤整体封装为send()
方法,调用10次send()方法,模拟发送10次数据
1 2 3 4 5 6 public static void main (String[] args) { for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { send(); } }
运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 6452 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3eb6a684 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65024 ] ACTIVE6468 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3eb6a684 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65024 ] READ: 16B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+6468 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3eb6a684 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 ! R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65024 ] INACTIVE6483 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -2 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x7dcc31ff , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65057 ] ACTIVE6483 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -2 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x7dcc31ff , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65057 ] READ: 16B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................| +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+6483 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -2 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x7dcc31ff , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 ! R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65057 ] INACTIVE ...
客户端先于服务器建立连接,此时控制台打印ACTIVE
,之后客户端向服务器发送了16B的数据,发送后断开连接,此时控制台打印INACTIVE
,可见未出现粘包现象
②. 定长解码器 客户端于服务器约定一个最大长度,保证客户端每次发送的数据长度都不会大于该长度 。
若发送数据长度不足则需要补齐 至该长度
服务器接收数据时,将接收到的数据按照约定的最大长度进行拆分 ,即使发送过程中产生了粘包,也可以通过定长解码器将数据正确地进行拆分。
服务端需要用到FixedLengthFrameDecoder
对数据进行定长解码 ,具体使用方法如下
1 2 ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(16 ));
客户端代码
客户端发送数据的代码如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 @Override public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { final int maxLength = 16 ; char c = 'a' ; for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer(maxLength); byte [] bytes = new byte [maxLength]; for (int j = 0 ; j < (int )(Math.random()*(maxLength-1 )); j++) { bytes[j] = (byte ) c; } buffer.writeBytes(bytes); c++; ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer); } }
服务器代码
使用FixedLengthFrameDecoder
对粘包数据进行拆分,该handler需要添加在LoggingHandler
之前,保证数据被打印时已被拆分
1 2 3 ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(16 )); ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 8222 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xbc122d07 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :52954 ] READ: 16B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 61 61 61 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |aaaa............| +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+8222 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xbc122d07 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :52954 ] READ: 16B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 62 62 62 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |bbb.............| +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+8222 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xbc122d07 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :52954 ] READ: 16B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 63 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |cc..............| +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ ...
③. 行解码器 行解码器的是通过分隔符对数据进行拆分 来解决粘包半包问题的
可以通过LineBasedFrameDecoder(int maxLength)
来拆分以换行符(\n)为分隔符的数据,也可以通过DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(int maxFrameLength, ByteBuf... delimiters)
来 指定通过什么分隔符来拆分数据(可以传入多个分隔符)
两种解码器都需要传入数据的最大长度 ,若超出最大长度,会抛出TooLongFrameException
异常
以换行符 \n 为分隔符
客户端代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 @Override public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { final int maxLength = 64 ; char c = 'a' ; for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer(maxLength); Random random = new Random(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int j = 0 ; j < (int ) (random.nextInt(maxLength - 2 )); j++) { sb.append(c); } sb.append("\n" ); buffer.writeBytes(sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); c++; ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer); } }
服务器代码
1 2 3 4 ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(64 )); ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 4184 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x9d6ac701 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :58282 ] READ: 10B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 |aaaaaaaaaa | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+4184 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x9d6ac701 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :58282 ] READ: 11B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 |bbbbbbbbbbb | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+4184 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x9d6ac701 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :58282 ] READ: 2B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 63 63 |cc | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ ...
以自定义分隔符 \c 为分隔符
客户端代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 @Override public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { final int maxLength = 64 ; char c = 'a' ; for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) { ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer(maxLength); Random random = new Random(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int j = 0 ; j < (int ) (random.nextInt(maxLength - 2 )); j++) { sb.append(c);c } sb.append("\\c" ); buffer.writeBytes(sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); c++; ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer); } }
服务器代码
1 2 3 4 5 ByteBuf bufSet = ch.alloc().buffer().writeBytes("\\c" .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(64 , ch.alloc().buffer().writeBytes(bufSet))); ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8246 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x86215ccd , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65159 ] READ: 14B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 |aaaaaaaaaaaaaa | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+8247 [nioEventLoopGroup-3 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x86215ccd , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :8080 - R:/127.0 .0 .1 :65159 ] READ: 3B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 62 62 62 |bbb | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ ...
④. 长度字段解码器 在传送数据时可以在数据中添加一个用于表示有用数据长度的字段 ,在解码时读取出这个用于表明长度的字段,同时读取其他相关参数,即可知道最终需要的数据是什么样子的
LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
解码器可以提供更为丰富的拆分方法,其构造方法有五个参数
1 2 3 4 public LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder ( int maxFrameLength, int lengthFieldOffset, int lengthFieldLength, int lengthAdjustment, int initialBytesToStrip)
参数解析
maxFrameLength 数据最大长度
表示数据的最大长度(包括附加信息、长度标识等内容)
lengthFieldOffset 数据长度标识的起始偏移量
用于指明数据第几个字节开始是用于标识有用字节长度的,因为前面可能还有其他附加信息
lengthFieldLength 数据长度标识所占字节数 (用于指明有用数据的长度)
lengthAdjustment 长度表示与有用数据的偏移量
用于指明数据长度标识和有用数据之间的距离,因为两者之间还可能有附加信息
initialBytesToStrip 数据读取起点
读取起点,不读取 0 ~ initialBytesToStrip 之间的数据
参数图解
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lengthFieldOffset = 0 lengthFieldLength = 2 lengthAdjustment = 0 initialBytesToStrip = 0 (= do not strip header) BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes) AFTER DECODE (14 bytes) +--------+----------------+ +--------+----------------+ | Length | Actual Content |----->| Length | Actual Content | | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | +--------+----------------+ +--------+----------------+
从0开始即为长度标识,长度标识长度为2个字节
0x000C 即为后面 HELLO, WORLD
的长度
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lengthFieldOffset = 0 lengthFieldLength = 2 lengthAdjustment = 0 initialBytesToStrip = 2 (= the length of the Length field) BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes) AFTER DECODE (12 bytes) +--------+----------------+ +----------------+ | Length | Actual Content |----->| Actual Content | | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | | "HELLO, WORLD" | +--------+----------------+ +----------------+
从0开始即为长度标识,长度标识长度为2个字节,读取时从第二个字节开始读取 (此处即跳过长度标识)
因为跳过了用于表示长度的2个字节 ,所以此处直接读取HELLO, WORLD
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lengthFieldOffset = 2 (= the length of Header 1 ) lengthFieldLength = 3 lengthAdjustment = 0 initialBytesToStrip = 0 BEFORE DECODE (17 bytes) AFTER DECODE (17 bytes) +----------+----------+----------------+ +----------+----------+----------------+ | Header 1 | Length | Actual Content |----->| Header 1 | Length | Actual Content | | 0xCAFE | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0xCAFE | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | +----------+----------+----------------+ +----------+----------+----------------+
长度标识前面还有2个字节的其他内容 (0xCAFE),第三个字节开始才是长度标识,长度表示长度为3个字节(0x00000C)
Header1中有附加信息,读取长度标识时需要跳过这些附加信息来获取长度
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lengthFieldOffset = 0 lengthFieldLength = 3 lengthAdjustment = 2 (= the length of Header 1 ) initialBytesToStrip = 0 BEFORE DECODE (17 bytes) AFTER DECODE (17 bytes) +----------+----------+----------------+ +----------+----------+----------------+ | Length | Header 1 | Actual Content |----->| Length | Header 1 | Actual Content | | 0x00000C | 0xCAFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0x00000C | 0xCAFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | +----------+----------+----------------+ +----------+----------+----------------+
从0开始即为长度标识,长度标识长度为3个字节,长度标识之后还有2个字节的其他内容 (0xCAFE)
长度标识(0x00000C)表示的是从其后lengthAdjustment(2个字节)开始的数据的长度,
**即HELLO, WORLD
**,不包括0xCAFE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lengthFieldOffset = 1 (= the length of HDR1) lengthFieldLength = 2 lengthAdjustment = 1 (= the length of HDR2) initialBytesToStrip = 3 (= the length of HDR1 + LEN) BEFORE DECODE (16 bytes) AFTER DECODE (13 bytes) +------+--------+------+----------------+ +------+----------------+ | HDR1 | Length | HDR2 | Actual Content |----->| HDR2 | Actual Content | | 0xCA | 0x000C | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | +------+--------+------+----------------+ +------+----------------+
长度标识前面有1个字节的其他内容,后面也有1个字节的其他内容,读取时从长度标识之后3个字节处开始读取 ,
即读取 0xFE HELLO, WORLD
使用EmbeddedChannel模拟测试
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 public class LTCDecoder { public static void main (String[] args) { EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel( new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder( 1024 , 1 , 4 , 1 , 6 ), new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG) ); ByteBuf buffer = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer(); send(buffer, "Hello" ); channel.writeInbound(buffer); send(buffer, "World" ); channel.writeInbound(buffer); } private static void send (ByteBuf buf, String msg) { int length = msg.length(); byte [] bytes = msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); buf.writeByte(0xCA ); buf.writeInt(length); buf.writeByte(0xFE ); buf.writeBytes(bytes); } }
运行结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 19 :39 :49.124 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 5B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 48 65 6c 6c 6f |Hello | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+19 :39 :49.126 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE19 :39 :49.126 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 5B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 |World | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+19 :39 :49.126 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE
二、协议设计与解析 1. 协议的作用 TCP/IP 中消息传输基于流的方式,没有边界
协议的目的就是划定消息的边界,制定通信双方要共同遵守的通信规则
2. Redis 协议 如果我们要向Redis服务器发送一条set name Nyima
的指令,需要遵守如下协议
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 *3 \r\n $3 \r\n set\r\n $4 \r\n name\r\n $5 \r\n Nyima\r\n
客户端代码如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 public class RedisClient { static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudyServer.class); public static void main (String[] args) { NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ChannelFuture channelFuture = new Bootstrap() .group(group) .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel (SocketChannel ch) { ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { @Override public void channelActive (ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { final byte [] LINE = {'\r' ,'\n' }; ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer(); buffer.writeBytes("*3" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); buffer.writeBytes("$3" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); buffer.writeBytes("set" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); buffer.writeBytes("$4" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); buffer.writeBytes("name" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); buffer.writeBytes("$5" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); buffer.writeBytes("Nyima" .getBytes()); buffer.writeBytes(LINE); ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer); } }); } }) .connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost" , 6379 )); channelFuture.sync(); channelFuture.channel().close().sync(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
控制台打印结果
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1600 [nioEventLoopGroup-2 -1 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x28c994f1 , L:/127.0 .0 .1 :60792 - R:localhost/127.0 .0 .1 :6379 ] WRITE: 34B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 2a 33 0d 0a 24 33 0d 0a 73 65 74 0d 0a 24 34 0d |*3. .$3. .set..$4. | |00000010 | 0a 6e 61 6d 65 0d 0a 24 35 0d 0a 4e 79 69 6d 61 |.name..$5. .Nyima| |00000020 | 0d 0a |.. | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
Redis中查询执行结果
3. Http 协议 HTTP协议在请求行请求头中都有很多的内容,自己实现较为困难,
可以使用HttpServerCodec
作为服务器端的解码器与编码器,来处理HTTP请求
1 2 3 4 public final class HttpServerCodec extends CombinedChannelDuplexHandler <HttpRequestDecoder , HttpResponseEncoder > implements HttpServerUpgradeHandler .SourceCodec
服务器代码
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 public class HttpServer { static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StudyServer.class); public static void main (String[] args) { NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); new ServerBootstrap() .group(group) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override protected void initChannel (SocketChannel ch) { ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpRequest>() { @Override protected void channelRead0 (ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpRequest msg) { log.debug(msg.uri()); DefaultFullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(msg.protocolVersion(), HttpResponseStatus.OK); byte [] bytes = "<h1>Hello, World!</h1>" .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); response.headers().setInt(CONTENT_LENGTH, bytes.length); response.content().writeBytes(bytes); ctx.writeAndFlush(response); } }); } }) .bind(8080 ); } }
服务器负责处理请求并响应浏览器。所以只需要处理HTTP请求 即可
1 2 ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpRequest>()
获得请求后,需要返回响应给浏览器。需要创建响应对象DefaultFullHttpResponse
,设置HTTP版本号及状态码,为避免浏览器获得响应后,因为获得CONTENT_LENGTH
而一直空转,需要添加CONTENT_LENGTH
字段,表明响应体中数据的具体长度
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DefaultFullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(msg.protocolVersion(), HttpResponseStatus.OK);byte [] bytes = "<h1>Hello, World!</h1>" .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8); response.headers().setInt(CONTENT_LENGTH, bytes.length); response.content().writeBytes(bytes);
运行结果
浏览器
控制台
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1714 [nioEventLoopGroup-2 -2 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x72630ef7 , L:/0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1 :8080 - R:/0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1 :55503 ] READ: 688B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 47 45 54 20 2f 66 61 76 69 63 6f 6e 2e 69 63 6f |GET /favicon.ico| |00000010 | 20 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 0d 0a 48 6f 73 74 3a | HTTP/1.1 ..Host:| |00000020 | 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 68 6f 73 74 3a 38 30 38 30 0d | localhost:8080. | |00000030 | 0a 43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 6b 65 65 |.Connection: kee| |00000040 | 70 2d 61 6c 69 76 65 0d 0a 50 72 61 67 6d 61 3a |p-alive..Pragma:| ....1716 [nioEventLoopGroup-2 -2 ] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x72630ef7 , L:/0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1 :8080 - R:/0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1 :55503 ] WRITE: 61B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 20 32 30 30 20 4f 4b 0d |HTTP/1.1 200 OK.| |00000010 | 0a 43 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 4c 65 6e 67 74 68 3a |.Content-Length:| |00000020 | 20 32 32 0d 0a 0d 0a 3c 68 31 3e 48 65 6c 6c 6f | 22. ...<h1>Hello| |00000030 | 2c 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 21 3c 2f 68 31 3e |, World!</h1> | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
4. 自定义协议 ①. 组成要素
魔数 :用来在第一时间判定接收的数据是否为无效数据包
版本号 :可以支持协议的升级
序列化算法:消息正文到底采用哪种序列化反序列化方式
如:json、protobuf、hessian、jdk
指令类型 :是登录、注册、单聊、群聊… 跟业务相关
请求序号 :为了双工通信,提供异步能力
因为发送请求时是异步的,例如客户端同时发送1 2 3 4
服务端就可能收到不同的顺序,为了解决这一问题,请求中就需要添加一项请求序号 加以区别
正文长度
消息正文
②. 编码器与解码器 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 public class MessageCodec extends ByteToMessageCodec <Message > { @Override public void encode (ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Message msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { out.writeBytes(new byte []{'M' ,'A' ,'S' ,'K' }); out.writeByte(1 ); out.writeByte(1 ); out.writeByte(msg.getMessageType()); out.writeInt(msg.getSequenceId()); out.writeByte(0xff ); ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos); oos.writeObject(msg); byte [] bytes = bos.toByteArray(); out.writeInt(bytes.length); out.writeBytes(bytes); } @Override protected void decode (ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception { int magic = in.readInt(); byte version = in.readByte(); byte seqType = in.readByte(); byte messageType = in.readByte(); int sequenceId = in.readInt(); in.readByte(); int length = in.readInt(); byte [] bytes = new byte [length]; in.readBytes(bytes, 0 , length); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)); Message message = (Message) ois.readObject(); out.add(message); System.out.println("===========魔数===========" ); System.out.println(magic); System.out.println("===========版本号===========" ); System.out.println(version); System.out.println("===========序列化方法===========" ); System.out.println(seqType); System.out.println("===========指令类型===========" ); System.out.println(messageType); System.out.println("===========请求序号===========" ); System.out.println(sequenceId); System.out.println("===========正文长度===========" ); System.out.println(length); System.out.println("===========正文===========" ); System.out.println(message); } }
编码器与解码器方法源于父类ByteToMessageCodec ,通过该类可以自定义编码器与解码器,泛型类型为被编码与被解码的类 。此处使用了自定义类Message,代表消息
1 public class MessageCodec extends ByteToMessageCodec<Message>Copy
编码器负责将附加信息与正文信息写入到ByteBuf中 ,其中附加信息总字节数最好为2n,不足需要补齐 。正文内容如果为对象,需要通过序列化 将其放入到ByteBuf中
解码器负责将ByteBuf中的信息取出,并放入List中 ,该List用于将信息传递给下一个handler
测试类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 @Slf4j public class MessageCodecTest { public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception { EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(); channel.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder( 1024 , 12 , 4 , 0 , 0 )); channel.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)); channel.pipeline().addLast(new MessageCodec()); LoginRequestMessage user = new LoginRequestMessage("Masker" , "123" ); ByteBuf byteBuf = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer(); new MessageCodec().encode(null , user, byteBuf); channel.writeInbound(byteBuf); } }
测试类中用到了LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder ,避免粘包半包问题
通过 MessageCodec 的 encode 方法将附加信息与正文写入到 ByteBuf 中,通过 channel 执行入站操作。入站时会调用 decode 方法进行解码
Ⅰ. 模拟半包现象 使用slice
方法,将解析得到的 ByteBuf 分割为两部分,再将这两部分入站
注意: 因为writeInbound
方法会调用release
方法释放空间,所以为了避免前一部分被释放,需要让它的引用计数 + 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 @Slf4j public class MessageCodecTest { public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception { EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(); channel.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)); channel.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder( 1024 , 12 , 4 , 0 , 0 )); channel.pipeline().addLast(new MessageCodec()); LoginRequestMessage user = new LoginRequestMessage("Masker" , "123" ); ByteBuf byteBuf = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer(); new MessageCodec().encode(null , user, byteBuf); ByteBuf byteBuf1 = byteBuf.slice(0 , 100 ); ByteBuf byteBuf2 = byteBuf.slice(100 , byteBuf.readableBytes() - 100 ); byteBuf1.retain(); channel.writeInbound(byteBuf1); channel.writeInbound(byteBuf2); } }
Ⅱ. 测试半包结果 可以从日志看到服务端会分两部分接收
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 17 :39 :25.980 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 100B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 4d 41 53 4b 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00 00 00 e0 |MASK............| |00000010 | ac ed 00 05 73 72 00 33 63 6f 6d 2e 77 75 2e 73 |....sr.3com.wu.s| |00000020 | 74 75 64 79 2e 6e 65 74 74 79 2e 61 64 76 61 6e |tudy.netty.advan| |00000030 | 63 65 2e 63 68 61 74 2e 4c 6f 67 69 6e 52 65 71 |ce.chat.LoginReq| |00000040 | 75 65 73 74 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 54 66 c4 03 98 |uestMessageTf...| |00000050 | 1e 3e ee 02 00 02 4c 00 08 70 61 73 73 77 6f 72 |.>....L..passwor| |00000060 | 64 74 00 12 |dt.. | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+17 :39 :25.995 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE17 :39 :25.996 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 140B +-------------------------------------------------+ | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ |00000000 | 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 2f 53 74 72 69 6e |Ljava/lang/Strin| |00000010 | 67 3b 4c 00 08 75 73 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 71 00 7e |g;L..usernameq.~| |00000020 | 00 01 78 72 00 27 63 6f 6d 2e 77 75 2e 73 74 75 |..xr.'com.wu.stu| |00000030| 64 79 2e 6e 65 74 74 79 2e 61 64 76 61 6e 63 65 |dy.netty.advance| |00000040| 2e 63 68 61 74 2e 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 1a 16 ed |.chat.Message...| |00000050| 6c d5 8e 4f 57 02 00 02 49 00 0b 6d 65 73 73 61 |l..OW...I..messa| |00000060| 67 65 54 79 70 65 49 00 0a 73 65 71 75 65 6e 63 |geTypeI..sequenc| |00000070| 65 49 64 78 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 00 03 |eIdxp........t..| |00000080| 31 32 33 74 00 06 4d 61 73 6b 65 72 |123t..Masker | +--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+ ===========魔数=========== 1296126795 ===========版本号=========== 1 ===========序列化方法=========== 1 ===========指令类型=========== 0 ===========请求序号=========== 0 ===========正文长度=========== 224 ===========正文=========== LoginRequestMessage(super=Message(sequenceId=0, messageType=0), username=Masker, password=123) 17:39:26.118 [main] DEBUG io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE
Ⅲ. 粘包 因为使用了长度字段解码器 LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
在解码时读取出这个用于表明长度的字段,所以不会发生粘包现象
③. @Sharable注解 为了提高handler的复用率,可以将handler创建为handler对象 ,然后在不同的channel中使用该handler对象进行处理操作
1 2 3 4 LoggingHandler loggingHandler = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG); channel1.pipeline().addLast(loggingHandler); channel2.pipeline().addLast(loggingHandler);
但是并不是所有的handler都能通过这种方法来提高复用率的 ,例如LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
。如果多个channel中使用同一个LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
对象,则可能发生如下问题
channel1中收到了一个半包,LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
发现不是一条完整的数据,则没有继续向下传播
此时channel2中也收到了一个半包,因为两个channel使用了同一个LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
,存入其中的数据刚好拼凑成了一个完整的数据包 。LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
让该数据包继续向下传播,最终引发错误
为了提高handler的复用率,同时又避免出现一些并发问题,Netty中原生的handler中用@Sharable
注解来标明,该handler能否在多个channel中共享。
只有带有该注解,才能通过对象的方式被共享 ,否则无法被共享
④. 自定义编解码器能否使用@Sharable注解 这需要根据自定义的handler的处理逻辑进行分析
我们的MessageCodec
本身接收的是LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder
处理之后的数据,那么数据肯定是完整的 ,按分析来说是可以添加@Sharable注解的
但是实际情况我们并不能 添加该注解,会抛出异常信息
1 ChannelHandler com.wu.study.netty.advance.protocol.div.MessageCodec is not allowed to be shared
如果想要共享,需要怎么办呢?
继承MessageToMessageDecoder
即可。 该类的目标是:将已经被处理的完整数据再次被处理。
传过来的Message
如果是被处理过的完整数据 ,那么被共享也就不会出现问题了,也就可以使用@Sharable注解了。
实现方式与ByteToMessageCodec
类似
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 @Slf4j @ChannelHandler .Sharablepublic class SharableMessageCodec extends MessageToMessageCodec <ByteBuf , Message > { @Override protected void encode (ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, Message msg, List<Object> outList) throws Exception { ByteBuf out = channelHandlerContext.alloc().buffer(); out.writeBytes(new byte []{'M' ,'A' ,'S' ,'K' }); out.writeByte(1 ); out.writeByte(1 ); out.writeByte(msg.getMessageType()); out.writeInt(msg.getSequenceId()); out.writeByte(0xff ); ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos); oos.writeObject(msg); byte [] bytes = bos.toByteArray(); out.writeInt(bytes.length); out.writeBytes(bytes); outList.add(out); } @Override protected void decode (ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, ByteBuf in, List<Object> outList) throws Exception { int magic = in.readInt(); byte version = in.readByte(); byte seqType = in.readByte(); byte messageType = in.readByte(); int sequenceId = in.readInt(); in.readByte(); int length = in.readInt(); byte [] bytes = new byte [length]; in.readBytes(bytes, 0 , length); ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)); Message message = (Message) ois.readObject(); outList.add(message); System.out.println("===========魔数===========" ); System.out.println(magic); System.out.println("===========版本号===========" ); System.out.println(version); System.out.println("===========序列化方法===========" ); System.out.println(seqType); System.out.println("===========指令类型===========" ); System.out.println(messageType); System.out.println("===========请求序号===========" ); System.out.println(sequenceId); System.out.println("===========正文长度===========" ); System.out.println(length); System.out.println("===========正文===========" ); System.out.println(message); } }